Economic development of India

We see a person going to some work in daily life. Some people work in fields, in factories, in various civil services (education, health, sanitation, traffic, security etc.) in independent business or industry trade. They get income from the above works.

With this income, people buy the items they need. Thus some people earn income from production and some from services. If the income of all the people of the country is added, the sum obtained will be called the national income and if it is divided by the population of the country, then the quotient obtained will be called the per capita income of the country.

On the basis of this national income or per capita income, India, Pakistan, China, Nepal etc. are called developing countries and developed countries like America, Japan, Singapore, UK etc. In developing countries, a person has to pay more attention to the fulfillment of basic necessities such as food, clothing, housing, health and education.

By pre-1947, India's economy suffered greatly during the British era. India was made a source of raw materials and a market for finished goods. Indian industries were not encouraged by the British rulers. They used to buy their raw materials at cheap rates and used to sell their finished goods at expensive rates.

Due to these reasons Indian manufacturers could not survive in the competition, resulting in increased poverty in India. Independent India inherited a backward economy. India is basically an agricultural country. Even today, more than 60 percent of the working population is engaged in agricultural work. Therefore, it is necessary to know agricultural development.

👉Agricultural Development:

Agriculture is the basis of India's economy and contributes 26 percent to India's gross domestic product. Indian agriculture provides raw materials for food production as well as industries. Farming, animal husbandry, forestry, fisheries etc. are also included under agriculture. India has diversity in terms of agriculture. The type and structure of the land, the time of sowing and ripening of sun and rain crops are different in different areas.

👉importance of agriculture:

A large population of our country works in agriculture. This gives them employment, food grains and income. The raw material for the industries is obtained from agriculture. Increased income of farmers increases their standard of living. The productivity of agriculture has not been the same in every region of India.

The dependence of agriculture on the monsoon still remains. Due to natural features like nature of land, climate and facilities for irrigation, Indian farmers do different types of agriculture.

👉Some of its major types are:

1. Self-sufficient agriculture:

Majority of the farmers of the country use small and scattered holdings and traditional tools. Due to weak economic condition, they are unable to use advanced seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, hence it also reduces production. Their production is used as food for their family's consumption.

2. Transfer Agriculture:

In the most backward areas, the land was made arable by cutting trees and burning branches in the forest land. Some coarse grains like dry paddy, maca, sorghum etc. were sown in this land. Now this practice has been discouraged due to the destruction of forests and the production was very less.

3. Planting Agriculture:

Planting refers to the plants that provide products after a period of a few years. Such production requires specialized scientific methods and local cheap and skilled agricultural laborers as well as adequate buying and selling facilities globally. Therefore, planting agriculture is similar to a factory unit, such as tea, rubber, etc.

4. Intensive Agriculture:

Intensive agriculture is called agricultural work, using irrigation facilities, fertilizers and pesticides several times in a row on the same land and year-round according to seasons. From this, higher yield and income can be obtained by farming on limited land.

In our country various types of crops - food grains, pulses and oilseeds, fibrous crops, beverage crops and cash crops are grown. Our country has now become self-sufficient in the production of food grains.

This self-reliance has been achieved through proper use of planting and intensive agriculture, use of modern tools of irrigation and agriculture, improved seeds, fertilizers and fertilizers and pesticides. Today, we are second in the production of rice and wheat after China.

Along with self-reliance on food grains, national income can be increased by earning foreign exchange by exporting agricultural products, so development of agriculture is necessary.

👉industrial development:

In fact, developed countries should not only have self-sufficiency in food grains but also have the ability to export. This qualification has the ability to process various strong industrial infrastructure industries (iron, cement, machines etc.) and products such as cotton to textile, sugar cane, wood to paper, bauxite to aluminum, iron to steel.

The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of its manufacturing industries. These industries provide employment to individuals, reduce dependence on agriculture, export of manufactured goods earns foreign exchange. Industrial development brings prosperity to the country and citizens. Industries are divided into small and large scale industries, private and public, joint and cooperative classes.

Industries are also divided into two classes based on the use of raw materials.

Introduce them like this

1. Agro based industries:

Cotton, jute, silk and woolen textile industries, sugar and edible oils are industries based on raw materials derived from agriculture. The monopoly of India in the manufacture of cotton and silk fabrics has been going on since ancient times. India exports cotton textiles mostly in the form of stitched garments.

This export is done to the countries of United States, Britain, Russia, France, Eastern countries of Europe, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Africa. Cotton textile mills are established in Maharashtra, Gujarat, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Jute and jute goods are the second major industries of India.

Woolen textiles are produced in Punjab, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana and Rajasthan. Woolen textiles are also exported from India to many countries. India ranks second in the world as a sugar industry. Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra have the highest number of sugar mills. Sugar mills have also been set up in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat.

2. Mineral based industries:

Industries that rely on minerals for raw materials, such as iron and steel, cement and chemical industries are mineral-based industries. The first iron and steel factory in India was set up in Tamil Nadu in 1830 in a place called Portonova.

A modern iron and steel making factory was set up in 1907 at Jamshedpur (Jharkhand). Iron and steel is a heavy industry as it uses more space-bound raw materials. It uses iron ore, coking coal, limestone and manganese ore.

Its produced goods are also heavy. Smelting of aluminum and copper are also big industries in India. Apart from this, the chemical industries under which fertilizers, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, plastic goods, dyes and medicines are manufactured.

Transportation equipment such as: rail engines, coaches, motor vehicles (buses, trucks, cars, motor, bicycles, etc.), large and heavy industries related to the making of aircraft and ships, and electronic industries have been established. All the above types of industries provide employment to a large number of individuals. All these efforts are indicative of the industrial development of our country.

3. Service Area:

Information technology, banks, insurance, financial institutions etc. are included in this area. India is famous in the world in the field of software development.

4. Cottage and Small Scale Industries:

Cottage industries have great importance in the growth of production and national income in our country. Cottage industries are traditional industries, they involve less capital and items are made by household members. The farmer has 6 months of work.

In the remaining 6 months, when they remain unemployed, then they earn money by doing these works. Toys making, envelopes, papads, big making, mats, brooms, spices, bidis, cloth weaving etc. are done in the cottage industries. Similarly, small industries also have less capital.

Work is done by fewer workers. The government is now providing loans for these industries and this is helping to increase production and the unemployed are getting employment.

👉Economic Development and Five Year Plans:

Planning means setting the means, priorities and taking further steps to achieve the set goals and objectives. This is based on our belief that before taking any step, think and think. As a result of implementing these, the production of agriculture and industries has increased. The 11th Five Year Plan (2007-2012) is currently underway.

👉Three things have been kept in this plan:

1. To set development goals and to prioritize them.

2. To make the most of available resources.

3. Proper distribution of the goods produced and the profits earned from them as a result of planned development.

Promoting development through planning is the main objective of the five-year plans.

👉Main Economic Problems:

The Indian economy was prosperous and developed in ancient times. There was self-sufficiency in the economic sector in India. At the time of Indus Valley Civilization, earth utensils, metal industry, building construction was in advanced state. In the medieval period, the demand for Indian silk was so high abroad that the inhabitants of Rome were ready to give gold equal to the weight of silk cloth.

In the initial years, East India Company used to buy clothes, spices and cottage products made in India in exchange for precious metals. Later the conditions changed. In the six decades of independence, we have done many developmental works and have taken advantage of them, but even today we have some economic problems. In which we are mainly faced with population growth, poverty, unemployment, and price rise.

👉Their information is as follows:

1. Population growth:

Rapid growing population is a major problem in India's economic development. Problems like poverty unemployment could not be solved till today only because of this problem after attaining independence. The total population of our country in the year 1951 was 36 crores, while according to the 2001 census the population of the country reached 102 crores.

The root cause of population growth is poverty, illiteracy, the longing of a boy to run a dynasty and get married at a young age. The economic growth of the country is hampered as a result of population growth. It has an impact on the standard of living of the people of the country, because the proportion of which the population increases, it is not possible to expand the food grains and industries business in the same proportion. Most of the population of our country is dependent on agriculture. Our farming is not capable of nurturing such a fast growing population. With the increase of population, the land of arable or fertile land and forest area is getting reduced.

Because:

i. Due to increasing population, roads, miscellaneous residential colonies, construction of buildings for hospitals, post offices or other departments for public interest.

ii. Allotment of land for facilities like airport, bus stand or other communication works. A large part of the soil is being used in other works, such as: making bricks for houses, etc.

iii. Development of pastures in land area for grazing cattle and other animals.

iv. Every year the upper surface of millions of hectares of land gets swept away by river and rain water or flood due to continuous cutting of trees and plants.

2. Poverty

Poverty is a condition in which a person has difficulty in fulfilling the minimum requirements like food, clothing and house for living. Poverty also results in personal and family health.

Due to which the production capacity of the person decreases, poverty remains constant. It is possible that there are some people in the neighborhood who do not get enough food twice a day, children are malnourished, do not have enough clothes to wear according to the weather, even after coming to school, income will not come to school and earn somewhere. Go to work

These are called poverty-stricken and below poverty line people in economics. The task of improving the condition of such people and bringing them above the poverty line is that of the government and society. The government does two things for this, first - marking the persons and families living in the poverty line and making cards and secondly providing support and employment to bring them above the poverty line.

3. Unemployment:

All individuals work for livelihood in different areas to meet their daily and future needs. When a person does not get a lucrative job or a job, he is called unemployed. Unemployment is a situation in which a person is unable to get work even if he is physically and mentally inclined to work.

The first reason for unemployment in our country is the slow growth of the economy. The second reason for unemployment is excessive population growth. As a result, most people in the age group of 15 to 59 are waiting for employment. Employment opportunities have not increased at the pace with which the population is large in the last decades.

Educated unemployed have also increased in our country, the reason for this is in their thinking. They do not want to do their family and traditional business. In fact there is not so much opportunity in the government or non-government sector that everyone can be given white collar employment. The educated unemployed should also focus on their traditional employment.

4. Value addition:

When we used to study in class 5, then how much was the value of a pencil, pen or copy and now how much has this value increased. Why do prices increase? Whether the price increases are good or not. The price rise is measured by the government from time to time and measures are taken to keep the price rise constant.

Wholesale price and consumer price indices are made to know the change in prices. These indices include the value of all manufactured goods. Especially in consumer goods, efforts are made to keep the prices of food items, clothes and other essential substances under control so that the standard of living of the people can remain normal.

Continued and uncontrolled price rise puts the entire economy in crisis, the poorer and more impoverished. Sometimes traders whose main objective is to earn more profit, increase the price in unethical and illegal way.

If these items are in the food grains category then it becomes a big problem for the poor classes. Value addition increases economic inequality and poverty. Price increase can be controlled by the efforts and alertness of the government and citizens.

5. Corruption:

Corruption or bribery is the giving of money or goods to another person or organization for doing something in their own interest. Tax evasion is also considered in this category. You read the news of corruption in newspapers every day.

In this, both the giver and the taker are criminals. Corruption increases economic inequality and the poor become more impoverished. It crushes the roots of progress and makes it hollow. The government has made efforts to curb corruption by making many rules and laws. Highly expensive elections are also a major reason for corruption.

In addition to the above problems, the pressure of population growth starts increasing on the vacant land in the cities. Many times historical buildings are used as government offices, public libraries etc. Sometimes they start being used to throw waste. Children start playing in them. Sometimes they are dropped and newly constructed.

About

Hi , This is Pramod Choudhary from Nagaur Rajasthan India. I an student and I would like to share my positive thinking with everyone that's my passion . Thank you